Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Null | Null + time | Null + time + classa | |
Fixed effects | |||
Level 1 (n = 243) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) |
Intercept (γ00)—initial status | 3.75*** (0.07) | 3.46*** (0.08) | 3.82*** (0.13) |
Time (γ10)—rate of change | -- | 0.29*** (0.04) | 0.31** (0.07) |
Level 2 (n = 81) | |||
Class (γ01)—initial status | -- | -- | −0.18** (0.06) |
Class (γ11)—rate of change | -- | -- | −0.01 (0.03) |
Random effects | |||
Level 1 (n = 243) | |||
Within-student variance (r) | 0.34 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
Level 2 (n = 81) | |||
Between-student variance (u0) | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.32 |
Between-student variance (u1) | -- | 0.07 | 0.07 |
Chi-square (u0; df) | 274.17*** (80) | 280.92*** (80) | 248.53*** (79) |
Chi-square (u1; df) | -- | 138.13*** (80) | 137.99*** (79) |
Intraclass correlation | .44 | ||
Reliability | |||
Intercept (β0) | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.67 |
Time (β1) | -- | 0.41 | 0.41 |
Model fit | |||
Deviance (# of estimated parameters) | 522.55 (3) | 470.36 (6) | 454.10 (8) |
Model comparison test: | |||
Chi-square (df) | -- | 52.19*** (3)c | 16.26*** (2)d |
AICb | 528.55 | 482.36 | 470.18 |