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Table 1 Test takers’ preparation for the two tests

From: Investigating washback to the learner from the IELTS test in the Japanese tertiary context

Preparation (h)

0

<20

>20<40

>40<60

>60<80

>80<100

>100

Test 1

44

123

18

4

1

0

0

Test 2

47

103

28

7

5

0

0