Table 12 Joint display of the current study’s results
From: Skill profiles of Japanese English learners and reasons for uneven patterns
Study 1 Quantitative (RQ1) | Study 2 Quantitative (RQ2) | Study 3 Qualitative (RQ2) | Mixed-methods meta-inference |
|---|---|---|---|
Flat profile (1.59 to 29.00%) | -- | -- | -- |
Uneven profiles (71.00 to 98.41%) Frequently observed uneven profiles: LSW<R, SW<LR, S<LRW | -- | -- | -- |
1-level difference (55.11 to 70.00%) | -- | -- | -- |
2-level difference (7.00 to 40.16%) 3- or more-level difference (0.00 to 5.99%) | Typical reasons for having uneven profiles (1) I was poor at this skill (62.07 to 63.89%) (2) I had not studied the skill much (24.14 to 52.78%) (3) I didn’t know formats (11.36 to 24.32%) (4) I was tense (22.22 to 36.36%) or tired (4.55 to 35.14%) | Emergent themes from the interview (a) Insufficient practice (b) Particular subskills or processes required to accomplish test tasks (c) Unfamiliarity with test formats and test-taking environments A more detailed environments and contexts were noted | Convergent Quantitative and qualitative data matched well (1) and (2) = (a) and (b) (3) = (c) |