Portfolio vs. summative assessment: impacts on EFL learners’ writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF); self-efficacy; learning anxiety; and autonomy

Language Testing in Asia

Table 12 Inferential statistics (complexity pre-test of both groups)

		Levene’s test for equality of variances		t-test for equality of means
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean difference	Std. error difference
Score	Equal variances assumed	.20	.65	−.55	58	.57	−.23	.41
Score	Equal variances not assumed			−.55	57.90	.57	−.23	.41