Portfolio vs. summative assessment: impacts on EFL learners’ writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF); self-efficacy; learning anxiety; and autonomy

Language Testing in Asia

Table 22 Inferential statistics (self-efficacy pre-test of both groups)

		Levene’s test for equality of variances		t-test for equality of means
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean difference	Std. error difference
Score	Equal variances assumed	.17	.67	.56	58	.57	.90	1.59
Score	Equal variances not assumed			.56	57.82	.57	.90	1.59