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Language Testing in Asia

Table 30 Paired samples test (autonomy pre- and post-tests of each group)

From: Portfolio vs. summative assessment: impacts on EFL learners’ writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF); self-efficacy; learning anxiety; and autonomy

 

Mean

Std. deviation

Std. error mean

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Pair 1

CG. Pre − CG. Post

-4.13

2.45

.44

−9.20

29

.00

Pair 2

EG. Pre − EG. Post

−40.63

8.40

1.53

−26.47

29

.00

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