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Language Testing in Asia

Table 5 Paired samples test (speaking pre- and posttests of each group)

From: Cultivating EFL learners’ productive skills by employing dynamic and non-dynamic assessments: attitude in focus

 

Mean

Std. deviation

Std. error mean

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

NonDA pre-NonDA post

−.66

1.24

0.23

2.79

26

.01

DAPre-DAPost

−3.53

2.43

0.47

7.40

25

.00

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