Table 9 Estimated significant effects of home province on the actual NMET washback on English speaking-learning outcomes

Home province^a

Beijing

0.155^***

0.166^***

0.152^***

0.158^***

(4.23)

(4.29)

(4.25)

(4.18)

Guangdong

0.142^***

0.142^***

0.144^***

0.164^***

(4.14)

(4.15)

(4.09)

(5.00)

Jiangsu

0.052^***

0.034^***

0.043^***

0.030^***

(3.47)

(1.29)

(2.93)

(2.00)

Shanghai

0.147^***

0.151^***

0.161^***

0.155^***

(4.19)

(4.23)

(4.28)

(4.25)

Zhejiang

0.041^***

0.028^***

0.067^****

0.043^***

(2.04)

(1.04)

(3.58)

(2.34)

Ctrl variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N

20,062

20,062

20,062

20,062

R-squared

0.027

0.020

0.020

0.019