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Table 5 Revised parameters of reading descriptor: cognitive ability

From: Developing reading proficiency scales for EFL learners in China

CSE level

Function

Ability

Quantity/performance

Quality/criterion

Verb

Goal

Text

Topic

Language

A1

Narration

Recognize

Can recognize

Rhyming words

In children’s poems

  

C2

Argumentation

Understand/analyze

Can understand

The organization

Of academic monographs

In professional fields

 

A3

Narration

Recognize

Can retrieve

The main plot

In novels

 

Of the simplified version

B2

Argumentation

Understand/analyze

Can analyze

The implicit attitudes of the writer

In comments

On current affairs

 

B2

Interactiveness

Evaluate/criticize

Can evaluate

Expression of personal feelings

In practical writing like resume and cover letter