University faculty members’ perspectives on English language demands in content courses and a reform of university entrance examinations in Japan: a needs analysis

Language Testing in Asia

Table 1 The use of English in academic courses discussed by participants

Participant		Course			Relevant in-class language use tasks
No.	Discipline	Level/year	Format	Status	Reading	Listening	Speaking	Writing
1	Mathematics	UG3-4	Seminar	Required	Textbook	N/A	N/A	N/A
2	Mathematics	UG3-4	Seminar	Required	Textbook	N/A	N/A	N/A
3	Mathematics	M1	Seminar	Required	Textbook	N/A	N/A	N/A
4	Earth Sciences	UG3-4	Seminar	Required	Journal articles	N/A	N/A	L1-L2 translation
5	Earth Sciences	UG3-4	Seminar	Required	Textbook	N/A	N/A	N/A
6	Earth Sciences^a	UG1-4	Field work	Elective	Textbook	Lectures on site	N/A	N/A

Notes. UG undergraduate, M master
^aParticipant 6's field study course was offered through a campus-wide general education program open to students in all faculties. Thus, the course involved students not specializing in earth sciences