Table 2 Mean value, source, logit value, S.E., and Infit MnSq. of the descriptors (pilot version and revised version)

1

can express oneself with clarity and precision in writing

4.68

1

CEFR-C1

0.18

0.04

0.95

2

can express news and views effectively in writing

4.35

2

CEFR-B2

0.01

0.04

0.90

3

can express one’s ideas, emotions effectively in writing

4.37

3

CEFR-B2

0.15

0.04

0.93

4

can convey information and ideas on abstract as well as concrete topics

4.17

4

CEFR-B1

0.24

0.04

0.96

5

can check information through writing (e.g. examining general patterns of informationacross text types)

3.93

5

CEFR-B1

0.05

0.04

0.97

6

can ask about or explain problems by writing

4.16

6

CEFR-B1

− 0.46

0.04

0.93

7

can write short, simple formulaic notes relating to matters in areas of immediate need

4.07

7

CEFR-A2

− 0.77

0.04

1.04

8

can write personal letters and notes asking for or conveying information

4.13

8

CEFR-B1

− 0.92

0.04

1.00

9

can write personal letters/compositions describing experiences, feelings and events

4.06

9

CEFR-B1

− 0.58

0.04

0.97

10

can ask for or pass on personal details in written form

3.83

10

CEFR-A1

− 0.76

0.04

1.06

11

can write very simple personal letters expressing thanks and apology

4.00

11

CEFR-A2

− 1.55

0.04

1.13

12

can write personal letters giving news

3.68

12

CEFR-B1

− 0.67

0.04

0.95

13

can write letters/compositions conveying degrees of emotion

3.70

13

CEFR-B2

− 0.01

0.04

0.93

14

can write letters /compositions highlighting the personal significance of events and experiences

3.80

14

CEFR-B2

0.12

0.04

0.99

15

can write letters/compositions commenting on the correspondent’s news and views

3.79

15

CEFR-B2

0.2

0.04

0.94

16

can write invitation letters appropriately

4.00

16

CEFR-A2

− 1.02

0.04

1.09

17

can express thoughts about cultural topics such as music, films in writing

3.81

17

CEFR-B1

0.75

0.04

1.05

18

can take messages communicating enquiries

3.91

18

CEFR-B1

− 0.19

0.04

0.89

19

can take messages explaining problems

3.99

19

CEFR-B1

− 0.36

0.04

0.92

20

can provide information needed for registrations of all kinds (e.g. hotel and website registration)

3.96

20

Focus group discussion

− 0.49

0.04

1.28

21

can write to communicate with overseas friends through letters or E-mails

4.07

21

Focus group discussion

− 1.27

0.04

1.02

22

can write notices

3.95

22

Teaching syllabus

− 1.18

0.04

1.06

23

can write diaries

3.53

deleted

Focus group discussion

X

X

X

24

can paraphrase the content of passages

3.92

23

Teaching syllabus

0.14

0.04

0.93

25

can write a short passage based on a given topicor outline

4.25

24

Teaching syllabus

− 0.62

0.04

0.90

26

can write summaries based on narrative and descriptive texts

4.27

25

Teaching syllabus

0.05

0.04

0.94

27

can write summaries based on augmentative texts

4.27

26

Teaching syllabus

0.56

0.04

0.92

28

can carry out the continuation task of writing after reading

3.77

27

Teaching syllabus

0.6

0.04

0.90

29

can describe a graph, chart or table in detail

3.99

28

Test syllabus

0.43

0.04

0.98

30

can write book reviews as required

3.95

29

Teaching syllabus

0.85

0.04

0.95

31

can write term papers

4.26

30

Teaching syllabus

0.91

0.04

0.90

32

can write a graduation thesis

4.45

31

Teaching syllabus

1.4

0.04

0.94

33

can write research proposals applying for further education abroad

4.26

32

Focus group discussion

1.33

0.04

1.05

34

can do some academic writing (e.g. abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, data findings and analysis, conclusion)

4.13

33

Focus group discussion

1.66

0.04

1.17

35

can proofread and give feedback to the academic writing of students of other majors

3.75

34

Focus group discussion

1.46

0.04

1.34

36

can write speech scripts for presentations

4.08

35

Focus group discussion

0.26

0.04

0.97

37

can write appropriate introductions to the scenic spots

3.59

deleted

Focus group discussion

X

X

X

38

can write reports of different genres (e.g. business report)

3.81

36

Teaching syllabus

1.08

0.04

0.98

39

can write self-introductions

4.4.2

37

Teaching syllabus

− 1.2

0.04

1.03

40

can write resumes

4.50

38

Teaching syllabus

− 0.38

0.04

1.23