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Table 1 Metaphors and purposes of assessment
From: Postgraduate students’ conception of language assessment
| Purpose | Metaphor | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| To guide | 1.A life without sun | 9 |
| 2. A ladder without the steps | ||
| 3. Life of a free bird but forever a wanderer | ||
| 4. A road without directions | ||
| 5. A map without a route | ||
| 6. A human without brain | ||
| 7. Vision problem without eyeglasses | ||
| 8. A life with no meaning | ||
| 9. A journey with no ends | ||
| To motivate | 1. Food without salt | 6 |
| 2. Work with no reward | ||
| 3. A food without taste | ||
| 4. Chocolate without taste | ||
| 5. A job with no salary | ||
| 6. A world with rest (grin emoticon) | ||
| To empower | 1. Driving without license | 3 |
| 2. A world without improvement | ||
| 3. Adventure without risk | ||
| To control | 1. Doomsday without hell | 3 |
| 2. A state ruled with no iron fist | ||
| 3. A lion with no cuspid |
