Toward measuring language teachers’ assessment knowledge: development and validation of Language Assessment Knowledge Scale (LAKS)

Language Testing in Asia

Table 2 The number of removed items throughout the validation process

	Reading	Listening	Writing	Speaking	In total
1st stage (three experts with PhD in ELT checking for comprehensibility)	49	61	74	53	237
	− 3	− 2	− 6	− 6	− 17
2nd stage (Checking with 10 teachers)	46	59	68	47	220
2nd stage (Checking with 10 teachers)	–	–	–	–	–
3rd stage (Checking with academicians)	46	59	68	47	220
3rd stage (Checking with academicians)	− 9	− 26	− 20	− 12	− 67
4th stage (Training with testing office members)	37	33	48	35	153
4th stage (Training with testing office members)	− 9	− 7	− 14	− 11	− 41
5th stage (Piloting with 50 teachers and expert opinion)	28	26	34	24	112
5th stage (Piloting with 50 teachers and expert opinion)	− 13	− 11	− 19	− 9	− 52
The final version	15	15	15	15	60