Table 2 Items used to determine washback
From: Standardized proficiency tests in a campus-wide English curriculum: a washback study
Items | M | Std. Dev. | VNIa | NIa | F | PIa | VPIa | Corrected item-total correlation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. My performance on standardized tests affects my personal image. | 3.45 | 0.98 | 26 (4%) | 63 (9%) | 282 (41%) | 220 (32%) | 103 (15%) | .62 |
2. My performance on standardized tests affects my learning motivation. | 3.35 | 0.99 | 37 (5%) | 61 (9%) | 310 (45%) | 197 (28%) | 89 (13%) | .58 |
3. My performance on standardized tests affects my relationship with teachers. | 2.85 | 1.02 | 82 (12%) | 123 (18%) | 350 (50%) | 92 (13%) | 47 (7%) | .65 |
4. My performance on standardized tests affects my relationship with my peers. | 2.80 | 1.06 | 101 (15%) | 122 (18%) | 328 (47%) | 98 (14%) | 45 (6%) | .64 |
5. My performance on standardized tests affects my emotion. | 3.20 | 1.02 | 49 (7%) | 79 (11%) | 322 (46%) | 169 (24%) | 75 (11%) | .73 |
6. My performance on standardized tests affects my future job opportunities. | 3.50 | 1.04 | 34 (5%) | 47 (7%) | 294 (42%) | 178 (26%) | 141 (20%) | .69 |
7. Participating in mock proficiency tests helps me improve my English ability. | 3.32 | 0.97 | 40 (6%) | 62 (9%) | 302 (44%) | 218 (31%) | 72 (10%) | .63 |
8. Tests push me to study harder. | 3.50 | 1.01 | 35 (5%) | 46 (7%) | 266 (38%) | 231 (33%) | 116 (17%) | .64 |
9. I perform better on tests than on regular learning. | 3.09 | 0.91 | 36 (5%) | 97 (14%) | 380 (55%) | 129 (19%) | 52 (7%) | .64 |