Table 3 The t test for independent samples comparing the mean difference in the strength of washback experienced between high-proficiency and low-proficiency students
From: Standardized proficiency tests in a campus-wide English curriculum: a washback study
Group | N | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High proficiency | 173 | 29.97 | 5.73 | 0.05 | 1.21 |
Low proficiency | 173 | 28.00 | 6.57 | − 0.13 | 0.93 |
Independent comparisons | |||||
 Comparison | M | SE | t(344) | Sig. | |
 Washback | − 1.97 | .66 | − 2.97 | 0.003** | |