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Table 1 Rating scale for paraphrasing

From: An investigation of novice ESL writers’ cognitive processes and strategy use of paraphrasing

Content

 6-A response that fully and faithfully represents the points of the source texts and makes a lot of transformations in vocabulary and syntax.

 5-A response that faithfully represents the main points of the source texts and makes most of the transformations in vocabulary and syntax, but some minor points are omitted.

 4- A response that covers the main points of the source texts and makes some transformations in vocabulary and syntax, but some points are misrepresented.

 3-A response that contains the main points of the source texts, and only replaces words with synonyms, or only changes sentence structures, with one major point omitted.

 2- A response that contains only a few relevant points in the source texts and makes few transformations in vocabulary and syntax, and the points are totally misrepresented.

 1-A response that fails to present any meaningful or relevant information from the source.

 0-A response that is not connected to the topic, written in Chinese, or left blank.

Language

 4-A response that changes most expressions in the source texts, is accurately presented, with the participant’s own formal and explicit language.

 3-A response that changes many expressions in the source texts, with some grammatical mistakes or some complex, implicit and fancy words.

 2-A response that only replaces key words with synonyms, and keeps many expressions of the source texts.

 1-A response that displays many instances of verbatim strings from the source texts.

 0-A response that displays wholesome copying from the source texts.