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Table 4 The results of construct validity

From: A moderated mediation analysis of the relationship between a high-stakes English test and test takers’ extracurricular English learning activities

Construct

Indicator

Test of significance

Factor loading

(Std.)

Item reliability

(SMC)

Composite reliability

Convergent validity

(AVE)

Unstd.

SE

t value

p

TPN

TPN_1

1.000

   

.808

.653

.936

.677

TPN_2

.894

.054

16.545

***

.699

.489

  

TPN_3

.937

.043

21.965

***

.852

.726

  

TPN_4

1.056

.047

22.595

***

.876

.767

  

TPN_5

1.048

.045

23.079

***

.888

.789

  

TPN_6

.948

.044

21.313

***

.842

.709

  

TPN_7

.947

.050

19.075

***

.778

.605

  

TEELA

TEELA_1

1.000

   

.837

.701

.948

.751

TEELA_2

.848

.044

19.092

***

.751

.564

  

TEELA_3

1.184

.047

25.409

***

.896

.803

  

TEELA_4

1.213

.048

25.522

***

.899

.808

  

TEELA_5

1.204

.047

25.502

***

.898

.806

  

TEELA_6

1.263

.048

26.089

***

.909

.826

  

PSE-AA

AA_1

1.000

   

.870

.757

.963

.811

AA_2

1.000

.035

28.896

***

.910

.828

  

AA_3

.994

.032

31.403

***

.943

.889

  

AA_4

1.007

.035

28.922

***

.911

.830

  

AA_5

.971

.036

27.230

***

.886

.785

  

AA_6

.980

.036

26.945

***

.881

.776

  

PSE-SRL

SRL_2

1.000

   

.731

.534

.947

.718

SRL _3

1.028

.052

19.934

***

.901

.812

  

SRL _4

.963

.052

18.368

***

.836

.699

  

SRL _5

1.084

.055

19.723

***

.892

.796

  

SRL _6

1.080

.055

19.691

***

.891

.794

  

SRL _9

1.041

.054

19.226

***

.871

.759

  

SRL _10

1.113

.064

17.383

***

.794

.630

  
  1. Note: N = 463. TPN, test takers’ perceptions of the NMET; TEELA, test takers’ extracurricular English learning activities; PSE-AA, perceived self-efficacy for academic achievement; PSE-SRL, perceived self-efficacy for self-regulated learning. AVE, average variance extracted; SMC, squared multiple correlations; Std., standardized; Unstd., unstandardized; SE, standard error.
  2. ***p < .001.