The comparative effect of group dynamic assessment (GDA) and computerized dynamic assessment (C-DA) on Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners’ speaking complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF)

Language Testing in Asia

Table 11 Results of the Scheffe post hoc test for comparing GDA, C-DA, and N-DA mean scores on the speaking fluency post-test

(I) Groups	(J) Groups	Mean difference (I–J)	Std. error	Sig.	95% confidence interval
(I) Groups	(J) Groups	Mean difference (I–J)	Std. error	Sig.	Lower bound	Upper bound
GDA	C-DA	−3.60	.98	.00	−6.06	−1.13
GDA	NDA	8.76	.98	.00	6.30	11.23
C-DA	GDA	3.60	.98	.00	1.13	6.06
C-DA	NDA	12.36	.98	.00	9.90	14.83
NDA	GDA	−8.76	.98	.00	−11.23	−6.30
NDA	C-DA	−12.36	.98	.00	−14.83	−9.90