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Table 1 Process indicators and their related aspects of writing

From: Clustering students’ writing behaviors using keystroke logging: a learning analytic approach in EFL writing

Pausing behavior

The longest pause

Location of the longest pause

Pause variance

Geometric mean of before-sentence pauses

Total pause time (in seconds)

Fluency

Median typed in p-bursts (characters)

Total typed per minute (including spaces)

Geometric mean of within-word pauses

Geometric mean of before-word pauses

 

Time on task and the final product

Total words in main document

Mean word length

Total keystrokes

Total active writing time (in seconds)

Total process time (in seconds)