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Table 4 Categories of influential features of argumentative essays

From: Assessing critical thinking through L2 argumentative essays: an investigation of relevant and salient criteria from raters’ perspectives

Category

Definition

Example comments

Relevancy

Connection between ideas and the theme

“The student attempts to make a valid point that is related to the topic.” (R3)

“Not really related to the question.” (R1)

Content development

The amount of ideas, supports, examples, etc. and the depth of ideas

“This idea is quite well developed and argued.” (R1)

“This is a very short paragraph that lacks development and therefore lacks critical thinking.” (R2)

Logicality

Logical structure, connection between ideas, and reasons supporting claims

“Some CT: evidence of logical reasoning.” (R5)

“These sentences are poorly linked together showing no obvious connection.” (R2)

Quality of idea

Validity of ideas, originality of ideas, and the range of perspectives

“Almost childlike thinking here!” (R1)

“These ideas are common and universal, thus the average rating of 3.” (R4)

“This student is thinking only in terms of their own experience and not the wider concepts.” (R1)

Other features

Linguistic accuracy and miscellaneous features

“Again, awkward vocabulary of “hamsam” (handsome?).” (R2)

“There is some variation in the comment about unmotivated students.” (R4)