Application of nonparametric item response theory in determining the one-dimensionality and adaptability of TOEFL iBT listening test

Language Testing in Asia

Table 2 items violating IIO

Items	Hj^a	IIO				Backward selection
Items	Hj^a	Active comparison (ac)	Violations (vi)	Significant violations (zsig)	Crit	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3
21	0.74	59	0	0	0	0	0	0
23	0.65	59	4	0	12	0	0	0
25	0.67	59	1	0	0	0	0	0
28	0.69	58	2	1	39	2	2	0
27	0.64	59	4	1	48	2	2	NA
22	0.70	56	5	0	12	0	0	0
24	0.88	58	3	0	3	0	0	0
20	0.68	59	6	1	28	2	0	0
16	0.65	59	3	1	22	2	0	0
3	0.92	58	5	2	48	3	NA	NA
18	0.80	59	3	0	12	0	0	0
5	0.89	57	3	0	8	0	0	0
9	0.90	58	0	0	0	0	0	0
6	0.81	59	2	0	3	0	0	0
7	0.86	59	4	0	16	0	0	0
26	0.81	59	2	0	4	0	0	0
29	0.72	58	2	0	0	0	0	0
30	0.83	58	3	0	5	0	0	0
31	0.82	58	3	0	5	0	0	0
32	0.83	51	0	0	0	0	0	0
17	0.74	59	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	0.65	59	4	0	12	0	0	0
15	0.67	59	1	0	0	0	0	0
8	0.69	58	2	1	39	2	2	0
11	0.64	59	4	1	48	2	2	NA
2	0.70	56	5	0	12	0	0	0
1	0.88	58	3	0	3	0	0	0
4	0.81	59	2	0	4	0	0	0
19	0.72	58	2	0	0	0	0	0
10	0.83	58	3	0	5	0	0	0
12	0.82	58	3	0	5	0	0	0
14	0.83	52	0	0	0	0	0	0
33	0.72	58	1	1	48	0	2	0
34	0.83	58	2	0	12	0	2	0
35	0.82	52	4	0	3	0	0	0
36	0.83	59	5	0	4	0	0	0
37	0.74	59	3	0	0	0	0	0
38	0.65	59	2	0	5	0	0	0
39	0.67	58	2	0	5	0	0	0
40	0.69	59	3	0	0	0	0	0