Adaptation and validation of a critical thinking scale to measure the 3D critical thinking ability of EFL readers

Language Testing in Asia

Table 5 Estimation of model parameters and their significance

Path			Non-standard estimation	Standard error	T statistics	p value	Standard estimate
Voice	➔	argumentation	1.000	.098			.841
Organization	➔	argumentation	.941	.086	10.483	<0.001	.796
Lng.Use	➔	argumentation	.925	.095	9.429	<0.001	.726
reasoning	➔	argumentation	.953		11.146	<0.001	.833
relevance	➔	argumentation	.897	.083	9.411	<0.001	.725
Vigilance	➔	Judgement	1.000				.855
Buck-pass	➔	Judgement	.863	.069	10.359	<0.001	.782
Engagement	➔	Disposition	1.000	.068			.917
Maturity	➔	Disposition	1.119		16.311	<0.001	.926
Innovativeness	➔	Disposition	1.097	.059	16.179	<0.001	.924
Reflec.Think	➔	Action	1.000	.061			.912
Reflection	➔	Action	.904	.063	15.260	<0.001	.908
Understanding	➔	Action	.910		15.025	<0.001	.903
Habitual.	➔	Action	.964	.108	15.400	<0.001	.911
Extraversion	➔	Action	1.000	.103			.768
Cul.Comp.	➔	Social.	.938	.102	8.692	<0.001	.738
Literacy	➔	Social.	.905		8.793	<0.001	.764
Soci.Comp.	➔	Social.	.940	.121	9.237	<0.001	.796
Originality	➔	Creativity	1.000	.117			.664
Fluency	➔	Creativity	.971	.117	7.994	<0.001	.798
Flexibility	➔	Creativity	.971		8.296	<0.001	.839
Elaboration	➔	Creativity	.976		8.349	<0.001	.847