Reading comprehension test fairness across gender and mode of learning: insights from IRT-based differential item functioning analysis

Language Testing in Asia

Table 1 Descriptive statistics

Item	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
1	.66	.47	−.69	−1.53
2	.52	.50	−.09	−1.99
3	.61	.48	−.45	−1.79
4	.52	.50	−.09	−1.99
5	.33	.46	.74	−1.45
6	.34	.47	.69	−1.52
7	.33	.46	.74	−1.45
8	.43	.49	.28	−1.92
9	.50	.50	.00	−2.00
10	.37	.48	.54	−1.70
11	.38	.48	.48	−1.77
12	.37	.48	.52	−1.73
13	.71	.45	−.93	−1.14
14	.43	.49	.30	−1.91
15	.39	.48	.43	−1.81
16	.35	.47	.65	−1.58
17	.29	.45	.91	−1.17
18	.63	.48	−.53	−1.71
19	.49	.50	.05	−2.0
20	.23	.41	1.31	.26
21	.27	.44	1.04	.91
22	.36	.48	.56	−1.68
23	..37	.48	.56	−1.69
24	.19	.39	1.58	.52
25	.51	.50	−.04	−2.00
26	.48	.50	.06	−2.00
27	.65	.47	−.61	−1.62
28	.52	.50	−.06	−2.00
29	.30	.45	.89	−1.19
30	.35	.47	.64	−1.59