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Table 1 Item specification of the ECTT

From: Development and validation of an English test measuring EFL learners’ critical thinking skills

CT skills

Item specification

(a) Consistency

1. Rearrange the sentences to make the text more logical and coherent.

2. Fill in the blank to make more cohesive relations between the sentences.

3. Exclude a sentence to make the paragraph more coherent.

(b) Analysis

1. Interpret graphs and charts.

2. Calculate using numbers in the text to find the answer.

3. Extract necessary information and judge its credibility.

(c) Inference

1. Deduce objective conclusion based on reliable information.

2. Infer the meaning of an unknown word from a context.

3. Choose the most reasonable argument from a context.