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Table 5 Post hoc comparisons between three CT skills in each ECTT and JCTT

From: Development and validation of an English test measuring EFL learners’ critical thinking skills

  

Mean

 

95% CI

   

Comparison

difference

SE

Lower

Upper

t

p

d

E.Cns

E.Anl

4.70

1.67

−0.23

9.63

0.058

.077

.21

 

E.Inf

9.87

1.67

4.94

14.80

5.90

< .001***

.48

E.Anl

E.Inf

5.17

1.67

0.24

10.10

3.09

.031*

.28

J.Cns

J.Anl

1.97

1.67

−2.96

6.90

1.18

1.000

.09

 

J.Inf

14.64

1.67

9.71

19.57

8.74

< .001***

.63

J.Anl

J.Inf

12.67

1.67

7.74

17.60

7.57

< .001***

.53

  1. *p < .05; ***p < .001. E = English; J = Japanese; d = Cohen’s d; p-values and confidence intervals were adjusted using the Bonferroni method