Table 13 All skill profile types that appeared in Study 1 (%)
From: Skill profiles of Japanese English learners and reasons for uneven patterns
Dataset | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Â | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pattern | GTEC CBT: Seniora | TOEFL Junior: Seniorb | TOEFL Junior: Univ.c | TEAP:Univ.d | TOEFL iBT: Unit.d | TOEIC: Univ.e | TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2014f | TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2015g | TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2016h | TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2017i | Lowest skill | Highest skill |
Flat | 18.94 | 17.90 | 9.40 | 29.00 | 9.00 | 9.43 | 3.15 | 1.59 | 10.00 | 6.52 | LRSW | LRSW |
L<RS<W | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0.77 | 0 | L | W |
L<<RSW | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | L | RSW |
L<RSW | 5.53 | 1.89 | 0.43 | 5.00 | 1.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.59 | 0 | 0 | L | RSW |
L<RW<S | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | L | S |
L<S<RW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | L | RW |
L<SW<R | 1.05 | 0.21 | 0.43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | L | R |
LR<S<W | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | LR | W |
LR<SW | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | LR | SW |
LR<W<S | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | LR | S |
LRS<<W | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | LRS | W |
LRS<W | 1.16 | 2.00 | 0 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 15.09 | 3.15 | 2.38 | 4.62 | 0.72 | LRS | W |
LRW<S | 1.22 | 0.75 | 0 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | LRW | S |
LS<<RW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0 | LS | RW |
LS<R<W | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.89 | 1.57 | 1.59 | 0 | 0.72 | LS | W |
LS<RW | 5.42 | 5.22 | 3.42 | 6.00 | 1.00 | 4.72 | 9.45 | 7.14 | 10.00 | 8.70 | LS | RW |
LS<W<R | 0.61 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.94 | 2.38 | 0 | 3.62 | LS | R |
LSW<<R | 0.78 | 0.46 | 1.71 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 2.36 | 0.79 | 1.54 | 1.45 | LSW | R |
LSW<R | 24.42 | 12.65 | 11.54 | 12.00 | 17.00 | 1.89 | 7.87 | 15.87 | 13.85 | 19.57 | LSW | R |
LW<R<S | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | LW | S |
LW<RS | 3.16 | 1.43 | 0 | 1.00 | 7.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | LW | RS |
L<W<RS | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | L | RS |
LW<S<<R | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | LW | R |
LW<S<R | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | LW | R |
R<<LSW | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | R | LSW |
R<<S<LW | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | R | LW |
R<LS<W | 0 | 0.07 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | R | W |
R<LSW | 0.06 | 1.04 | 0.43 | 0 | 5.00 | 1.89 | 0 | 0 | 2.17 | 2.17 | R | LSW |
R<S<LW | 0 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | R | LW |
R<SW<L | 0 | 0.36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.72 | R | L |
RS<<LW | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | RS | LW |
RS<L<W | 0 | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0 | 0 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | RS | W |
RS<LW | 0.22 | 2.54 | 0 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 8.49 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 2.31 | 1.45 | RS | LW |
RS<W<L | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | RS | L |
RSW<<L | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | RSW | L |
RSW<L | 2.55 | 7.68 | 2.56 | 5.00 | 2.00 | 3.77 | 0.79 | 1.59 | 3.85 | 2.17 | RSW | L |
RW<LS | 0.39 | 0.68 | 2.14 | 0 | 2.00 | 0.94 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | RW | LS |
RW<S<L | 0 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 2.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | RW | L |
S<<L<RW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | S | W |
S<<LR<W | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | S | W |
S<<LRW | 0 | 0.36 | 0.85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 2.38 | 1.54 | 0.72 | S | LRW |
S<<LW<R | 0 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.59 | 0 | 0 | S | R |
S<<RW<L | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | 1.45 | S | L |
S<<W<LR | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.54 | 0 | S | LR |
S<L<RW | 0.11 | 0.36 | 1.28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.15 | 4.76 | 3.85 | 2.90 | S | RW |
S<L<W<R | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | S | R |
S<LR<W | 0.06 | 0.39 | 1.28 | 1.00 | 0 | 10.38 | 3.15 | 3.97 | 2.31 | 5.07 | S | W |
S<<LRW | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | S | LRW |
S<LRW | 6.58 | 12.40 | 15.81 | 9.00 | 2.00 | 20.75 | 20.47 | 16.67 | 13.58 | 10.87 | S | LRW |
S<LW<<R | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.77 | 0 | S | R |
S<LW<R | 2.16 | 2.64 | 7.69 | 2.00 | 0 | 0 | 8.66 | 5.56 | 3.08 | 7.97 | S | R |
S<R<L<W | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | S | W |
S<R<LW | 0 | 0.14 | 0.43 | 0 | 0 | 2.83 | 0.79 | 3.17 | 2.31 | 0.72 | S | LW |
S<RW<L | 0.06 | 1.89 | 4.27 | 0 | 0 | 1.89 | 2.34 | 5.56 | 2.31 | 2.90 | S | L |
S<<W<L<R | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | S | R |
S<W<L<R | 0.22 | 0.14 | 2.99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | S | R |
S<W<<LR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.77 | 0 | S | LR |
S<W<LR | 0.28 | 1.96 | 3.85 | 0 | 0 | 1.89 | 3.94 | 5.56 | 0.77 | 3.62 | S | LR |
S<W<R<L | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | S | L |
SW<<L<R | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | SW | R |
SW<<LR | 0.61 | 0.25 | 0.85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0.77 | 0.72 | SW | LR |
SW<LR | 11.79 | 14.29 | 13.25 | 8.00 | 14.00 | 6.60 | 11.81 | 7.94 | 13.85 | 12.32 | SW | LR |
SW<L<<R | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | SW | R |
SW<L<R | 1.72 | 1.71 | 2.99 | 0 | 2.00 | 0 | 3.94 | 1.59 | 1.54 | 2.17 | SW | R |
SW<R<L | 0.33 | 0.86 | 1.28 | 0 | 4.00 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | 0.77 | 0.72 | SW | L |
W<<LRS | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | W | LRS |
W<L<RS | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | W | RS |
W<LR<S | 0 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0 | 4.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | W | S |
W<LRS | 5.53 | 3.75 | 2.99 | 4.00 | 7.00 | 0 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0 | W | LRS |
W<LS<<R | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | W | R |
W<LS<R | 1.94 | 0.75 | 1.71 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | W | R |
W<R<LS | 0 | 0.07 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | W | LS |
W<RS<L | 0.55 | 0.57 | 1.28 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | W | L |
W<S<L<R | 0 | 0.11 | 0.85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | W | R |
W<S<LR | 0.72 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0 | 2.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | W | LR |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |