Skill profiles of Japanese English learners and reasons for uneven patterns

Language Testing in Asia

Table 5 Skill profile types with 5% or more of participants (%) in Study 1

Dataset	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Pattern	GTEC CBT: Senior^a	TOEFL Junior: Senior^b	TOEFL Junior: Univ.^c	TEAP:Univ.^d	TOEFL iBT: Univ.^d	TOEIC: Univ.^e	TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2014^f	TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2015^g	TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2016^h	TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2017ⁱ	Lowest skill	Highest skill
LSW<R	24.42	12.65	11.54	12.00	17.00	1.89	7.87	15.87	13.85	19.57	LSW	R
Flat	18.94	17.90	9.40	29.00	9.00	9.43	3.15	1.59	10.00	6.52	LRSW	LRSW
SW<LR	11.79	14.29	13.25	8.00	14.00	6.60	11.81	7.94	13.85	12.32	SW	LR
S<LRW	6.58	12.40	15.81	9.00	2.00	20.75	20.47	16.67	13.58	10.87	S	LRW
L<RSW	5.53	1.89	0.43	5.00	1.00	0	0	0	0	0	L	RSW
W<LRS	5.53	3.75	2.99	4.00	7.00	0	0	0	0	0	W	LRS
LS<RW	5.42	5.22	3.42	6.00	1.00	4.72	0	0	0	0	LS	RW
LW<RS	3.16	1.43	0	1.00	7.00	0	0	0	0	0	LW	RS
RSW<L	2.55	7.68	2.56	5.00	2.00	3.77	0	0	0	0	RSW	L
S<LW<R	2.16	2.64	7.69	2.00	0	0	8.66	5.56	3.08	7.97	S	R
LRW<S	1.22	0.75	0	7.00	7.00	0	0	0	0	0	LRW	S
LRS<W	1.16	2.00	0	4.00	1.00	15.09	3.15	2.38	4.62	0.72	LRS	W
RS<LW	0.22	2.54	0	2.00	1.00	8.49	0	0	0	0	RS	LW
R<LSW	0.06	1.04	0.43	0	5.00	1.89	0	0	0	0	R	LSW
S<LR<W	0.06	0.39	1.28	1.00	0	10.38	0	0	0	0	S	W

Out of the 75 skill profiles in Table 13 in Appendix, 15 typical profiles, of which 5% or more of all the participants had in at least one dataset, were selected. Arranged in the order of GTEC CBT. Senior, senior high school student data. Univ., university student data. ^an = 1805. ^bn = 2799. ^cn = 234. ^dn = 100. ^en = 106. ^fn = 127. ^gn = 126. ^hn = 130. ⁱn = 138. (^f to ⁱ total N = 521). 10% or more were italicized. This also applies to Tables 6, 7 and 8