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Table 4 The initial and final expert-defined Q-matrix after empirical validation

From: Educational L2 constructs and diagnostic measurement

Items

Initial Q-matrix

Validated Q-matrix

VOC

GRM

EXP

INF

SUM

SEQ

VOC

GRM

EXP

INF

SUM

SEQ

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

2

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

3

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

4

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

5

1

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

6

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

7

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

8

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

9

0

1

1

0

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

1

10

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

11

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

12

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

13

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

14

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

15

1

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

1

0

0

16

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

17

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

a18

0

0

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

19

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

20

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

21

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

22

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

a23

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

24

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

25

1

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

26

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

27

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

Total

11

3

15

7

8

7

11

3

13

7

8

7

  1. VOC vocabulary, GRM grammar, EXP explicit information and details, INF inference, SUM summary, SEQ sequences and process
  2. aDenotes the refined items based on the GDI