Stage | Proto-verb | Descriptor |
---|---|---|
Imitation | (to) imitate | The ability to observe, copy, and replicate the speech sounds of others |
Manipulation | (to) manipulate | The ability to articulate sounds by memory or repeat/reproduce speech to prescribed standard instructions |
Precision | (to) perfect | The ability to articulate speech sounds without interventions from others, with a high degree of accuracy and few errors |
Articulation | (to) articulate | The ability to adapt, assimilate or integrate existing psychomotor skills in a novel and non-standard way (e.g., a dialect or accent) |
Naturalization | (to) embody | The ability to articulate natural or near-natural speech in an automatic, intuitive, or unconscious way appropriate to the context |