%PDF-1.3
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Low proficiency in spoken English,Private university in Bangladesh,Causes,Solution
Acrobat Distiller 10.0.0 (Windows); modified using iText® 5.3.5 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (SPRINGER SBM; licensed version)
application/pdf
10.1186/s40468-021-00139-0
Language Testing in Asia
Language Testing in Asia, 2021, doi:10.1186/s40468-021-00139-0
Low proficiency in spoken English
Private university in Bangladesh
Causes
Solution
Students’ low proficiency in spoken English in private universities in Bangladesh: reasons and remedies
Md Shaiful Islam
Mahani Bt Stapa
2021-09-24T07:44:58+02:00
2021-09-24T07:44:58+02:00
2021-09-23T18:23:02+08:00
Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 9.1.440/W Unicode
uuid:853a4a37-617c-475a-a3ac-be9b05d2b030
uuid:03a4590e-83fd-45c7-a30e-4a85d9f8c6dc
default
1
converted
uuid:853a4a37-617c-475a-a3ac-be9b05d2b030
converted to PDF/A-2b
pdfToolbox
2021-09-23T20:58:34+08:00
2
B
Md Shaiful Islam
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-819X
Springer Nature ORCID Schema
http://springernature.com/ns/xmpExtensions/2.0/
sn
authorInfo
Bag AuthorInformation
external
Author information: contains the name of each author and his/her ORCID (ORCiD: Open Researcher and Contributor ID). An ORCID is a persistent identifier (a non-proprietary alphanumeric code) to uniquely identify scientific and other academic authors.
editorInfo
Bag EditorInformation
external
Editor information: contains the name of each editor and his/her ORCID identifier.
seriesEditorInfo
Bag SeriesEditorInformation
external
Series editor information: contains the name of each series editor and his/her ORCID identifier.
AuthorInformation
http://springernature.com/ns/xmpExtensions/2.0/authorInfo/
author
Specifies the types of author information: name and ORCID of an author.
name
Text
Gives the name of an author.
orcid
URI
Gives the ORCID of an author.
EditorInformation
http://springernature.com/ns/xmpExtensions/2.0/editorInfo/
editor
Specifies the types of editor information: name and ORCID of an editor.
name
Text
Gives the name of an editor.
orcid
URI
Gives the ORCID of an editor.
SeriesEditorInformation
http://springernature.com/ns/xmpExtensions/2.0/seriesEditorInfo/
seriesEditor
Specifies the types of series editor information: name and ORCID of a series editor.
name
Text
Gives the name of a series editor.
orcid
URI
Gives the ORCID of a series editor.
http://ns.adobe.com/pdf/1.3/
pdf
Adobe PDF Schema
internal
A name object indicating whether the document has been modified to include trapping information
Trapped
Text
http://ns.adobe.com/pdfx/1.3/
pdfx
Adobe Document Info PDF eXtension Schema
internal
ID of PDF/X standard
GTS_PDFXVersion
Text
internal
Conformance level of PDF/X standard
GTS_PDFXConformance
Text
internal
Company creating the PDF
Company
Text
internal
Date when document was last modified
SourceModified
Text
http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/mm/
xmpMM
XMP Media Management Schema
internal
UUID based identifier for specific incarnation of a document
InstanceID
URI
internal
The common identifier for all versions and renditions of a document.
OriginalDocumentID
URI
http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/id/
pdfaid
PDF/A ID Schema
internal
Part of PDF/A standard
part
Integer
internal
Amendment of PDF/A standard
amd
Text
internal
Conformance level of PDF/A standard
conformance
Text
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>
endobj
5 0 obj
<>/Subtype/Link/F 4/Type/Annot/Border[0 0 0]/AP<>/Rect[426.161 182.098 472.649 189.581]>>
endobj
7 0 obj
<>stream
x[ Ea5-NQ!^qڇBI!zvp6y濫}_3dk)L
ֆ{_AL&.7Iz;Ps^j&r &/QyPbxgY/߃Uvy
O 8&>)j4S
f*~297
]ҧҧ
K>ɑf`\{MUd_IFڕ O(Z0S²+ӥS{C%2ѩR4LOYx&mF'n(>۽625ki
f]8bmGQ;g0ޢ)~bN>ko+ktmѽ+:LᲔ&
endstream
endobj
9 0 obj
<