Table 9 Strategy category, description, source and count

Assess task

Aware of task goal

5

8

Aware of task requirement

6

40

Read instruction

5

5

Reread instruction

1

1

Assess task fulfillment

Check requirement compliance

4

6

Compare own writing to source

3

4

Evaluate own writing

4

11

Read own writing

8

68

Put pen to paper

Edit for content

6

28

Edit for expression

4

16

Edit for grammar

6

18

Edit for punctuation

1

1

Edit for vocabulary

7

10

Identify problem in writing

6

38

Lift sentence from source

6

13

Manipulate information identified as important

3

8

Paraphrase selected portion

6

20

Plan content from source

8

127

Plan language

6

39

Plan the process

5

17

Recall grammatical rule

4

7

Recall phrase or expression

4

12

Recall word memory

4

13

Reorganize source pattern

1

1

Reread portion for use in writing

7

48

Revise plan

7

31

Scan for specific word to use in writing

4

10

Scan text for information to use in writing

7

38

Set organizational frame to meet own rhetorical needs

7

19

Read text

Check inference

1

1

Compare related information within text

3

7

Confirm inference

3

6

Disconfirm inference

5

9

Establish connections between propositions

4

8

Affirm understanding

5

12

Identify and skip unknown word

8

100

Identify problem in understanding

8

69

Infer phrase meaning

5

14

Infer sentence meaning

5

17

Infer word meaning

7

46

Integrate what is already known with text idea

5

27

Interpret content meaning with own words

7

60

Make inference based on understanding

3

8

Moderate understanding

8

58

Preview the text

2

2

Recognize sentence structure

3

20

Refer to previous part

5

6

Reflect on particular phrase or expression

5

10

Reflect on particular word

8

91

Reprocess information to clarify meaning

8

100

Reread for clarification

8

100

Skip unknown phrase

2

2

Skip unknown portion

1

2

Use context clues to interpret meaning

5

10

Use context clues to interpret phrase

2

3

Use context clues to predict content meaning

5

7

Use linguistic knowledge to guess phrase meaning

3

5

Use linguistic knowledge to guess word meaning

4

15

Use phonological cues

4

12

Reflect on reading topic

Read title

8

9

Reread title

6

7

Work out major ideas

Assess importance of idea for use in writing

6

36

Extrapolate based on understanding

5

15

Identify and learn key words in text

4

17

Integrate detail of what is read

6

25

Recall idea

6

34

Recognize text structure

4

30

Skim for gist

5

17

Work out main idea of paragraph

4

14

Work out text thesis

6

17