The relationships between test performance and students’ perceptions of learning motivation, test value, and test anxiety in the context of the English benchmark requirement for graduation in Taiwan’s universities

Language Testing in Asia

Table 4 Comparison summary of questionnaire responses between groups

Latent variables	Intermediate group		High-Intermediate group		Sig.
Latent variables	M	SD	M	SD	Sig.
TV	4.21	1.21	3.64	1.20	.00**
AGP	4.17	.86	4.08	.86	.03*
TA	4.09	1.13	3.71	1.29	.00**
IM	3.83	1.07	3.94	.97	.03*
EM	4.88	.92	5.02	.78	.00**

Note: TV test value, AGP attitudes towards graduation policy, TA test anxiety, IM intrinsic motivation, EM extrinsic motivation
*p < .05; **p < .001