Critical review of validation models and practices in language testing: their limitations and future directions for validation research

Language Testing in Asia

Table 1 Facets of validity as a progressive matrix (Messick, 1989, p. 20)

	Test interpretation	Test use
Evidential basis	Construct validity (CV)	CV + Relevance/utility (R/U)
Consequential basis	CV + R/U + value implications (VI)	CV + R/U + VI + social consequences