The comparative effect of group dynamic assessment (GDA) and computerized dynamic assessment (C-DA) on Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners’ speaking complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF)

Language Testing in Asia

Table 8 Results of the Scheffe post hoc test for comparing GDA, C-DA, and N-DA mean scores on the speaking fluency post-test

(I) Groups	(J) Groups	Mean difference (I–J)	Std. error	Sig.	95% confidence interval
(I) Groups	(J) Groups	Mean difference (I–J)	Std. error	Sig.	Lower bound	Upper bound
GDA	C-DA	−7.86	1.616	.00	−11.89	−3.84
GDA	NDA	4.73	1.61	.01	.70	8.75
C-DA	GDA	7.86	1.61	.00	3.84	11.89
C-DA	NDA	12.60	1.61	.00	8.57	16.62
NDA	GDA	−4.73	1.61	.01	−8.75	−.70
NDA	C-DA	−12.60	1.61	.00	−16.62	−8.57