Table 3 Descriptive statistics results of classroom learning practices

Class teaching-related English learning (CTL) (M = 3.73, SD = .87)

CTL1: Learning vocabulary and grammar in the textbook

4.02

1.06

CTL2: Training listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills

3.64

1.14

CTL3: Participating in class discussion and role plays and so on.

3.14

1.29

CTL4: Doing exercises assigned by teachers

3.91

1.13

CTL5: Listening to teachers’ comments on exercises in the textbook

3.92

1.11

Class test preparation (CTP) (M = 3.44, SD = 1.06)

CTP1: Drilling the NMET sample papers

3.45

1.21

CTP2: Listening to teachers’ comments on test items on the NMET sample papers

3.63

1.16

CTP3: Drilling the past NMET papers

3.27

1.24

CTP4: Listening to teachers’ comments on test items on the past NMET papers

3.42

1.23