Skill profiles of Japanese English learners and reasons for uneven patterns

Language Testing in Asia

Table 7 Skill profile types classified according to the highest skills (%) in Study 1

Dataset		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Highest skill	Profile type example	GTEC CBT: senior^a	TOEFL Junior: senior^b	TOEFL Junior: Univ.^c	TEAP: Univ.^d	TOEFL iBT: Univ.^d	TOEIC: Univ.^e	TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2014^f	TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2015^g	TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2016^h	TOEFL iBT: Univ. 2017ⁱ
R	LSW<R	33.42	19.29	32.05	15.00	23.00	1.89	28.34	28.58	20.73	34.79
LRSW	Flat	18.94	17.90	9.40	29.00	9.00	9.43	3.15	1.59	9.95	6.52
LR	SW<LR	13.40	16.97	18.38	8.00	16.00	8.49	16.54	13.50	17.65	16.67
LRW	S<LRW	6.64	12.75	16.67	9.00	2.00	20.75	21.26	19.05	15.07	11.60
LRS	W<LRS	5.59	3.79	2.99	4.00	7.00	0	0.79	0.79	0.74	0
RSW	L<RSW	5.59	1.89	0.43	5.00	1.00	0	0	1.59	0	0
RW	LS<RW	5.53	5.57	4.70	6.00	1.00	4.72	13.39	12.69	14.59	11.61
L	RSW<L	3.61	11.79	9.83	5.00	9.00	5.66	6.29	7.94	6.89	7.96
RS	LW<RS	3.33	1.46	0	1.00	7.00	0	0	0	0	0
W	L<RS<W	1.50	2.61	2.14	6.00	1.00	33.96	8.66	8.73	7.65	6.51
S	LRW<S	1.28	0.86	0.43	8.00	12.00	0	0	0.79	0	0
SW	LR<SW	0.50	0.43	0	1.00	3.00	0.94	0	0	0	0
LS	RW<LS	0.39	0.75	2.14	1.00	2.00	0.94	0	0.79	0	0
LW	RS<LW	0.22	2.86	0.43	2.00	1.00	11.32	1.58	3.96	4.59	2.17
LSW	R<LSW	0.06	1.07	0.43	0	5.00	1.89	0	0	2.14	2.17