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Language Testing in Asia

Table 10 Paired samples test (fluency pre and post-tests of each group)

From: Portfolio vs. summative assessment: impacts on EFL learners’ writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF); self-efficacy; learning anxiety; and autonomy

 

Mean

Std. deviation

Std. error mean

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Pair 1

CG. Pre − CG. Post

−1.76

1.47

.26

−6.54

29

.00

Pair 2

EG. Pre − EG. Post

−5.23

1.40

.25

−20.38

29

.00

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