Table 1 Descriptive statistics
N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Std. deviation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Core of Self-assessments Questionnaire (SAQ) | 512 | 12 | 60 | 40.453 | 10.178 |
Perceived happiness | 512 | 9 | 45 | 29.852 | 7.720 |
Empathy | 512 | 10 | 35 | 24.064 | 5.952 |
Sociability | 512 | 3 | 15 | 10.555 | 3.026 |
Persistence | 512 | 4 | 20 | 13.549 | 3.777 |
Self-regulation | 512 | 2 | 10 | 6.822 | 2.227 |
The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) | 512 | 30 | 125 | 84.842 | 18.965 |
Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS) | 512 | 72 | 196 | 116.119 | 10.395 |
Before-Test | 512 | 11 | 40 | 28.826 | 7.724 |
Time Management | 512 | 8 | 40 | 29.318 | 7.501 |
During-Test | 512 | 13 | 40 | 28.598 | 7.391 |
After-Test | 512 | 11 | 35 | 26.373 | 4.124 |
Test-Taking Skills Scale (T-TSS) | 512 | 54 | 155 | 113.115 | 23.615 |
Incapacity | 512 | 6 | 30 | 20.402 | 5.496 |
Worry and Dread | 512 | 6 | 20 | 15.057 | 3.141 |
Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) | 512 | 12 | 50 | 35.459 | 8.255 |