Skip to main content

Table 1 Example of the diagnostic feedback coded in the Pinyin Tutor

From: Using diagnostic feedback to enhance the development of phonetic knowledge of an L2: a CALL design based on the unified competition model and the implementation with the Pinyin Tutor

Target

Error

Feedback

le4

ne4

Your attempt at the initial, n, is not correct

la4

Your attempt at the final, a, is not correct

le2

Tone 2 is not correct

e4

You did not type the initial

an1

lan1

The initial you typed is not part of the syllable

an

This is not a neutral tone

yuan3

yvan2

When “v” is used as an initial, change v to u, and put y in front of u

diu1

diou1

Your attempt at the final, iou, is not correct. When -uen/-uei/-iou is pronounced, write it as -un/-ui/-iu

xia4

xa4

Your attempt at the final, a, is not correct. Pinyin writes this as xia4, not xa4. j/q/x only comes before i or u

sia4

Your attempt at the initial, s, is not correct. Pinyin writes this as xia4, not sia4. zh/ch/sh/r/z/c/s does not come before i as a glide

qi4hou4

qi2huo3

qi2: Tone 2 is not correct

Your attempt at the final, huo, is not correct

huo3: Tone 3 is not correct