Language Testing in Asia

Table 3 Pretest–posttest improvements for the two feedback conditions (N = 23 for basic and N = 19 for diagnostic)

From: Using diagnostic feedback to enhance the development of phonetic knowledge of an L2: a CALL design based on the unified competition model and the implementation with the Pinyin Tutor

	Diagnostic		Basic		Significance
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Cohen’s d	p-value
Word	44.3673	19.8887	23.6174	16.3091	3.6446	0.0004
Syllable	39.6408	11.0356	33.3367	11.3375	1.8201	0.0381
Syllable w/o Tone	36.0326	13.0538	33.8581	7.2024	0.6483	0.2602
Initial	15.3227	8.4316	14.1964	6.9511	0.4658	0.3220
Final	26.5857	10.9375	24.1430	7.1932	0.8348	0.2044
Tone	26.9685	19.1940	9.4838	14.8712	3.2446	0.0012

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