The comparative impacts of portfolio-based assessment, self-assessment, and scaffolded peer assessment on reading comprehension, vocabulary learning, and grammatical accuracy: insights from working memory capacity

Language Testing in Asia

Table 13 Descriptive statistics

	Condition	WM	Mean	Std. deviation	N
Grammar pretest score	Portfolio assessment	High	3.687	1.537	16
		Low	4.285	1.728	14
		Total	3.966	1.629	30
	Self-assessment	High	3.857	1.747	14
		Low	3.437	1.711	16
		Total	3.633	1.711	30
	Peer assessment	High	3.500	1.886	18
		Low	3.705	1.263	17
		Total	3.600	1.594	35
	Control	High	3.384	1.445	13
		Low	3.882	1.317	17
		Total	3.666	1.372	30
	Total	High	3.606	1.645	61
		Low	3.812	1.500	64
		Total	3.712	1.569	125
Grammar post-test score	Portfolio assessment	High	11.562	3.723	16
		Low	9.357	3.650	14
		Total	10.533	3.794	30
	Self-assessment	High	10.928	4.322	14
		Low	9.562	1.931	16
		Total	10.200	3.284	30
	Peer assessment	High	15.666	3.217	18
		Low	8.588	4.302	17
		Total	12.228	5.173	35
	Control	High	3.923	1.320	13
		Low	3.823	1.590	17
		Total	3.866	1.455	30
	Total	High	11.000	5.316	61
		Low	7.734	3.838	64
		Total	9.328	4.883	125