The comparative impacts of portfolio-based assessment, self-assessment, and scaffolded peer assessment on reading comprehension, vocabulary learning, and grammatical accuracy: insights from working memory capacity

Language Testing in Asia

Table 17 Pairwise comparisons

Dependent variable	(I) WM	(J) WM	Mean difference (I-J)	Std. error	Sig	95% Confidence interval for difference
Dependent variable	(I) WM	(J) WM	Mean difference (I-J)	Std. error	Sig	Lower bound	Upper bound
Grammar pretest score	High	Low	− .221	.287	.443	− .788	.347
Grammar pretest score	Low	High	.221	.287	.443	− .347	.788
Grammar post-test score	High	Low	2.687	.579	.000	1.540	3.835
Grammar post-test score	Low	High	− 2.687	.579	.000	− 3.835	− 1.540