Table 3 Means and standard deviations of the 10 top performing regions on perceived instructional practices in PISA 2018 (N = 80,016)

Asian Regions

 B-S-J-Z (China)

12,058

.41^a(.88)

.50^a(1.01)

.34(1.03)

.42(1.03)

.63^a(1.03)

.37(.97)

 Singapore

6676

.24(.89)

 − .02(.97)

.42^a(.93)

.29(.95)

.17(.94)

.27(.96)

 Macao

3775

 − .08(.89)

 − .01(.92)

 − .13(.85)

 − .20(.85)

 − .06(.88)

 − .11(.82)

 Hong Kong

6037

 − .02(.96)

 − .07(1.06)

.11(.89)

.00(.93)

.12(.95)

.05(.90)

 Korea

6650

.17(.92)

.43(1.06)

.16(1.16)

.41(1.03)

.33(1.07)

.42(.93)

Western Regions

 Estonia

5316

 − .12(.93)

 − .05(.89)

 − .14(.91)

 − .14(.91)

 − .11(.93)

 − .09(.96)

 Canada

22,653

n/a

n/a

n/a

.17(1.08)

.22(1.06)

n/a

 Finland

5649

.20(.90)

 − .10(.96)

 − .16(.92)

.05(.95)

 − .20^a(.94)

 − .14(.93)

 Ireland

5577

.15(.98)

 − .20(.97)

.30(.96)

 − .01(.92)

.06(.96)

.13(.94)

 Poland

5625

 − .25 (1.00)

 − .17 (.93)

.05 (.88)

 − .17 (.99)

.10 (1.00)

 − .24^a (.98)

Total

 Asian Regions

35,196

.20^a(.92)

.23^a(1.05)

.23^a(1.01)

.26^a(1.01)

.32(1.02)

.25^a(.95)

 Western Regions

44,820

 − .00(.97)

 − .13(.94)

.01(.94)

.05(1.02)

.09(1.02)

 − .08(.96)

 All regions

80,016

.12(.95)

.09(1.02)

.15(.99)

.14(1.02)

.19(1.03)

.12(.97)