Skip to main content
Language Testing in Asia

Table 5 Hierarchical linear regression results for instructional practice variables predicting reading performance for the 10 top performing regions in PISA 2018 (The Entire Sample; N = 80,016)

From: Instructional practices and students’ reading performance: a comparative study of 10 top performing regions in PISA 2018

Outcome variable

Overall Reading Performance

Independent variables

Step 1

Step 2

Step 1. Demographics

 GENDER

 − .12

 − .10

 ESCS

.07

.25

Step 2. Instructional Variables

 TEACHSUP

 

.06

 DIRINS

 

 − .13

 PERFEED

 

 − .09

 ADAPTIVITY

 

.07

 STIMREAD

 

.14

 TEACHINT

 

.06

R2

.092

.128

ΔR2

.092

.036

F

2816.42

1021.42

df1

2

a8

df2

55,762

55,765

p value

 < .001

 < .001

  1. Standardized coefficients (β) were reported. All paths are statistically significant at the p < .001 level
  2. GENDER Gender, ESCS Economic and sociocultural status index, TEACHSUP Teacher academic support, DIRINS Teacher-directed instruction, PERFEED Teacher feedback, ADAPTIVITY Adaptive instruction, STIMREAD Teachers’ stimulation of reading engagement, TEACHINT Teacher enthusiasm
Back to article page