Table 6 Hierarchical linear regression results for instructional practice variables predicting reading performance for the 10 top performing regions in PISA 2018 (The Asian Regions; N = 35,196)
Outcome variable | Overall reading performance | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B-S-J-Z (China) (N = 12,058) | Singapore (N = 6676) | Macao (N = 3775) | Hong Kong (N = 6037) | Korea (N = 6650) | Total (N = 35,196) | |||||||
Independent variables | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 1 | Step 2 |
Step 1. Demographics | ||||||||||||
GENDER | − .08 | − .05 | − .08 | − .06 | − .11 | − .10 | − .14 | − .13 | − .09 | − .06 | − .09 | − .08 |
ESCS | .39 | .36 | .38 | .36 | .12 | .12 | .19 | .19 | .28 | .27 | .28 | .26 |
Step 2. Instructional Variables | ||||||||||||
TEACHSUP | .03 | .03 | .05 | .02 | .12 | .08 | ||||||
DIRINS | − .16 | − .21 | − .01 | − .08 | − .04 | − .13 | ||||||
PERFEED | − .12 | .01 | − .08 | − .08 | − .21 | − .09 | ||||||
ADAPTIVITY | .05 | .08 | − .05 | .03 | .11 | .04 | ||||||
STIMREAD | .18 | .09 | .14 | .10 | .00 | .15 | ||||||
TEACHINT | .05 | .02 | .01 | .07 | .13 | .03 | ||||||
R2 | .166 | .208 | .159 | .193 | .030 | .051 | .065 | .084 | .091 | .140 | .093 | .124 |
ΔR2 | .166 | .042 | .159 | .034 | .030 | .021 | .065 | .019 | .091 | .049 | .093 | .031 |
F | 1182.92 | 391.98 | 621.92 | 196.55 | 58.78 | 25.01 | 199.58 | 65.86 | 327.83 | 132.55 | 1782.34 | 614.39 |
df1 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 8 |
df2 | 11,927 | 11,921 | 6584 | 6578 | 3743 | 3737 | 5773 | 5767 | 6543 | 6537 | 34,582 | 34,576 |
p value | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 |