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Language Testing in Asia

Table 7 Hierarchical linear regression results for instructional practice variables predicting reading performance for the 10 top performing regions in PISA 2018 (The Western Regions; N = 44,820)

From: Instructional practices and students’ reading performance: a comparative study of 10 top performing regions in PISA 2018

Outcome variable

Overall reading performance

Estonia (N = 5316)

Canada (N = 22,653)

Finland (N = 5649)

Ireland (N = 55,77)

Poland (N = 5625)

Total (N = 44,820)

Independent variables

Step 1

Step 2

Step 1

Step 2

Step 1

Step 2

Step 1

Step 2

Step 1

Step 2

Step 1

Step 2

Step 1. Demographics

 GENDER

 − .18

 − .16

 − .13

 − .12

 − .25

 − .22

 − .11

 − .08

 − .16

 − .14

 − .18

 − .15

 ESCS

.27

.26

.25

.23

.30

.28

.32

.30

.35

.33

.31

.29

Step 2. Instructional variables

 TEACHSUP

 

.10

 

n/a

 

0.07

 

 − .01

 

0.02

 

.04

 DIRINS

 

 − .16

 

n/a

 

 − .15

 

 − .20

 

 − 0.16

 

 − .16

 PERFEED

 

 − .09

 

n/a

 

 − .10

 

 − .00

 

 − 0.01

 

 − .06

 ADAPTIVITY

 

.10

 

.05

 

.11

 

.06

 

0.08

 

.09

 STIMREAD

 

.04

 

.02

 

.06

 

.12

 

0.09

 

.08

 TEACHINT

 

.08

 

n/a

 

.08

 

.10

 

0.02

 

.07

R2

.107

.149

.086

.091

.159

.202

.121

.166

.149

.178

.133

.167

ΔR2

.107

.042

.086

.005

.159

.043

.121

.045

.149

.029

.133

.034

F

305.76

111.268

953.54

505.88

500.74

167.36

369.46

133.43

474.44

146.30

1624.59

531.01

df1

2

8

2

6

2

8

2

8

2

6

2

8

df2

5087

5081

20,255

20,253

5285

5279

5381

5375

5415

5409

21,177

21,171

p value

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

  1. Standardized coefficients (β) were reported. All paths are statistically significant at the p < .001 level
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