Table 2 Teachers’ cognition of the social consequences of language high-stake tests
Items | Statistics | t tests | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | T | df | P | |
1. High-stake tests might lead to the test-takers’ deprivation from higher education | 3.60 | 1.11 | 4.1 | 209 | 0.001 |
2. High-stake tests might be biased toward one specific gender | 3.42 | 1.03 | 3.6 | 209 | 0.001 |
3. Test items and tasks might be biased to test takers from specific ethnicities and cultural backgrounds | 2.6 | 1.03 | 3.4 | 209 | 0.44 |
4. Test tasks and items might not be suitable for test takers with physical disabilities | 3.40 | 1.01 | 4.32 | 209 | 0.001 |
5. Test items and tasks might lead to educational inequalities | 2.56 | 1.06 | 0.56 | 209 | 0.36 |
6. Performance on high-stake tests affects the test takers’ chances of migration to English-speaking countries | 3.32 | 0.94 | 2.6 | 209 | 0.001 |
7. The test takers’ scores on the high-stake tests affect the test takers’ entry to famous universities | 3.20 | 0.86 | 3.6 | 209 | 0.001 |
8. The test takers’ scores affect their chances of finding a good job | 2.53 | 1.03 | 0.59 | 209 | 0.33 |
9. Migrants with low band scores on high-stake tests might be marginalized | 2.63 | 1.06 | 0.78 | 209 | 0.24 |
10. The test-takers’ scores and performance on language tests affect their incomes | 2.49 | 1.09 | 0.85 | 209 | 0.23 |
11. High-stake tests are good sources of English-speaking countries | 3.3 | 0.98 | 3.32 | 209 | 0.001 |
12. Taking high-stake tests is very expensive for students from low-income countries | 3.46 | 0.96 | 4.23 | 209 | 0.001 |
13. Test takers have to spend much time and money to get prepared for high-stake tests | 3.39 | 1.1 | 2.96 | 209 | 0.001 |