Language Testing in Asia

Table 9 Ranks of test scores in the VSTEP.3–5 Speaking test in the computer-delivered and face-to-face modes

From: Computer-delivered vs. face-to-face score comparability and test takers’ perceptions: The case of the two English speaking proficiency tests for Vietnamese EFL learners

		n	Mean rank	Sum of ranks
Grammar f2f-C	Negative ranks	21	24.67	518.00
	Positive ranks	29	26.10	757.00
	Ties	32
	Total	82
Vocabulary f2f-C	Negative ranks	23	29.07	668.50
	Positive ranks	33	28.11	927.50
	Ties	26
	Total	82
Pronunciation f2f-C	Negative ranks	18	31.56	568.00
	Positive ranks	41	29.32	1202.00
	Ties	23
	Total	82
Fluency f2f-C	Negative ranks	22	33.41	735.00
	Positive ranks	38	28.82	1095.00
	Ties	22
	Total	82
Content development f2f-C	Negative ranks	23	30.26	696.00
	Positive ranks	38	31.45	1195.00
	Ties	21
	Total	82
Total f2f-C	Negative ranks	28	39.45	1104.50
	Positive ranks	49	38.74	1898.50
	Ties	5
	Total	82

f2f, face-to-face; C, computer-delivered

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